nureg0700rev3_review_subset_us
11 WORKSTATION DESIGN
11.1 General Workstation Guidelines
11.1.1 Configuration and Posture Support
11.1.1-1 Appropriate Workstation Configuration
11.1.1-2 Support for Task Requirements
11.1.1-3 Simultaneous Users at a Single Workstation
11.1.1-4 User Population Supported
11.1.1-5 Range of Motion
11.1.1-6 Standing Posture
11.1.1-7 Seated Posture Variation
11.1.2 User Safety
11.1.2-1 Adjustment Controls in the Workstation
11.1.2-2 Fail-Safe Adjustable Surfaces
11.1.2-3 Control-Locking Adjustable Surfaces
11.1.2-4 Pinch Points
11.1.2-5 Device Cabling
11.1.2-6 High-Temperature Surface Exposure
11.1.2-7 Low-Temperature Surface Exposure
11.1.2-8 Electrical Shock Hazard
11.1.2-9 Static Electricity
11.1.2-10 Sharp Corners and Edges for Large Equipment and Furniture
11.1.2-11 Sharp Corners and Edges for Small Equipment and Portable Devices
11.1.2-12 Strength and Durability
11.2 Workstations Containing Primarily Analog HSIs
11.2.1 Analog Workstation Configuration
11.2.1.1 General
11.2.1.1-1 Console Height To See Over
11.2.1.1-2 Location of Controls
11.2.1.1-3 Benchboard Slope
11.2.1.1-4 Minimum Distance of Controls from the Front Edge of the Console
11.2.1.1-5 Location of Displays
11.2.1.1-6 Horizontal Viewing Angle for Important Displays
11.2.1.1-7 Writing Space on Consoles
11.2.1.1-8 Use of Procedures and Other Reference Materials at Consoles
11.2.1.2 Standup Workstations
11.2.1.2-1 Height Range for Controls
11.2.1.2-2 Height Range for Important Controls
11.2.1.2-3 Height Range for Displays
11.2.1.2-4 Height Range for Important Displays
11.2.1.2-5 Lateral Spread of Controls and Displays
11.2.1.3 Sit-Only Workstations
11.2.1.3-1 Height Range for Controls
11.2.1.3-2 Height Range for Important Controls
11.2.1.3-3 Height Range for Displays
11.2.1.3-4 Height Range for Important Displays
11.2.2 Panel Layout
11.2.2.1 General Panel Layout
11.2.2.1.1 Assignment of Panel HSIs
11.2.2.1.1-1 Grouping by Task
11.2.2.1.1-2 Grouping by System Function
11.2.2.1.1-3 Grouping by Importance and Frequency of Use
11.2.2.1.1-4 Less Important Controls and Displays
11.2.2.1.2 Enhancing Recognition and Identification
11.2.2.1.2-1 Spacing
11.2.2.1.2-2 Color Shading
11.2.2.1.2-3 Emergency Controls
11.2.2.2 Layout Arrangement Factors
11.2.2.2-1 Sequence
11.2.2.2-2 Frequency of Use
11.2.2.2-3 Functional Considerations
11.2.2.2-4 Order and Labeling
11.2.2.2-5 User Expectations
11.2.2.2-6 Inter- and Intra-Panel Consistency
11.2.2.2-7 Repeated Functions
11.2.2.2-8 Mirror-Imaging
11.2.2.2-9 Panel-to-Panel Standardization
11.2.2.2-10 Simulator-to-Control Room Standardization
11.2.2.3 Specific Panel Layout Design
11.2.2.3.1 Separation of Controls
11.2.2.3.1-1 Access
11.2.2.3.1-2 Inadvertent Actuation
11.2.2.3.1-3 Simultaneous Actuation
11.2.2.3.2 Strings or Clusters of Similar Components
11.2.2.3.2-1 Orientation
11.2.2.3.2-2 String Length
11.2.2.3.2-3 Number of Components
11.2.2.3.2-4 Coordinate Axes for Matrices
11.2.2.3.2-5 Labeling Large Matrices
11.2.2.3.2-6 Demarcation of Large Matrices
11.2.3 Control-Display Integration
11.2.3.1 Basic Control Display Relationships
11.2.3.1.1 Single Control and Display Pairs
11.2.3.1.1-1 Proximity
11.2.3.1.1-2 Obscuration
11.2.3.1.1-3 Association
11.2.3.1.2 Multiple Controls and a Single Display
11.2.3.1.2-1 Controls Mounted Below Display
11.2.3.1.2-2 Alternative Control Position
11.2.3.1.2-3 Controls Centered on Display
11.2.3.1.2-4 Grouping of Controls
11.2.3.1.2-5 Arrangement of Controls
11.2.3.1.2-6 Enhancement of Control Layout
11.2.3.1.3 Single Control and Multiple Displays
11.2.3.1.3-1 Displays Located Above Control
11.2.3.1.3-2 Alternative Position for Displays
11.2.3.1.3-3 Control Centered Below Displays
11.2.3.1.3-4 Grouping of Displays
11.2.3.1.3-5 Arrangement of Displays
11.2.3.1.3-6 Visibility During Control Manipulation
11.2.3.1.3-7 Enhancement of Display Layout
11.2.3.1.4 Display Selectors
11.2.3.1.4-1 Display Selector Motion
11.2.3.1.4-2 Display Selector Sequence
11.2.3.1.4-3 Display Selector Labeling
11.2.3.1.4-4 Display Selectors Scale
11.2.3.2 Groups of Controls and Displays
11.2.3.2-1 Functional Grouping
11.2.3.2-2 Sequence of Use
11.2.3.2-3 Display Above Each Control
11.2.3.2-4 Controls and Displays in Rows
11.2.3.2-5 Multirow Displays with Single-Row Controls
11.2.3.2-6 Consistent Practice
11.2.3.2-7 Control/Display Packages
11.2.3.2-8 Separated Controls and Displays
11.2.3.2-9 Facing Panels
11.2.3.3 Dynamic Control-Display Relationships
11.2.3.3-1 Rotary Controls
11.2.3.3-2 Linear Controls
11.2.3.3-3 Display Response Time Lag
11.2.3.3-4 Precision of Control
11.2.3.3-5 Resolution of Display
11.2.3.3-6 Excess Precision
11.2.3.3-7 Feedback
11.3 Workstations Containing Primarily Computer-Based HSIs
11.3.1 Visual Display Devices
11.3.1.1 General
11.3.1.1-1 Design of Visual Display Device(s)
11.3.1.1-2 Number, Size, and Resolution of Visual Display Device To Support Task Demands
11.3.1.1-3 Number of Visual Display Devices To Minimize Workload
11.3.1.2 Relationship to Viewer (Viewing Angles and Distances)
11.3.1.2-1 Vertical Viewing Angle
11.3.1.2-2 Horizontal Viewing Angle
11.3.1.2-3 Minimum Viewing Distance
11.3.1.2-4 Large Viewing Distances
11.3.1.2-5 Orientation of Display Screen Face
11.3.1.3 Relationship to Lighting Environment (Reflections and Glare)
11.3.1.3-1 Reflections and Glare
11.3.1.3-2 Contrast Ratio (Specular)
11.3.1.3-3 Contrast Ratio (Ambient)
11.3.1.3-4 Contribution from Ambient Illumination
11.3.1.3-5 Shields or Filters—Antiglare Treatment
11.3.1.4 Display Screen Performance Measurement Parameters
11.3.1.4.1 Screen Spatial Properties
11.3.1.4.1-1 Display Screen Resolution
11.3.1.4.1-2 Display Screen Contrast
11.3.1.4.1-3 Display Screen Contrast Uniformity
11.3.1.4.1-4 Display Image Continuity
11.3.1.4.1-5 Display Image Nonlinearity
11.3.1.4.1-6 Display Image Orthogonality
11.3.1.4.1-7 Display Screen Pixel Properties
11.3.1.4.1-8 Moiré Patterns
11.3.1.4.2 Screen Temporal Properties
11.3.1.4.2-1 Display Response Time
11.3.1.4.2-2 Display Flicker
11.3.1.4.2-3 Display Jitter
11.3.1.4.2-4 Moving Edge Blur
11.3.1.4.2-5 Other Display Instabilities
11.3.1.4.3 Screen Luminance
11.3.1.4.3-1 Display Luminance
11.3.1.4.3-2 Display Image Luminance Uniformity
11.3.1.4.3-3 Display Luminance Adjustment Range
11.3.1.4.3-4 Gamma and Gray Scale
11.3.1.4.4 Screen Colors
11.3.1.4.4-1 Color Set
11.3.1.4.4-2 Color Gamut
11.3.1.4.4-3 Color Uniformity
11.3.1.4.4-4 Color Convergence
11.3.1.4.4-5 Reference White
11.3.2 Computer Input Devices
11.3.2.1 General Computer Input Device
11.3.2.1-1 Device Stability
11.3.2.1-2 Hard Surface Edges and Corners
11.3.2.1-3 Device Surface Finish
11.3.2.1-4 Button Placement and Activation Mode
11.3.2.1-5 Button Activation Isolation
11.3.2.1-6 Button Force and Displacement
11.3.2.1-7 Button Feedback
11.3.2.1-8 Button Lock
11.3.2.1-9 Handedness
11.3.2.1-10 Neutral Wrist Position
11.3.2.2 Keyboard Devices
11.3.2.2.1 Keyboard Device Layout, Dimensions, and Orientation
11.3.2.2.1-1 Number of Keyboard Rows
11.3.2.2.1-2 Typing Keyboard Layout
11.3.2.2.1-3 Numeric Keypad
11.3.2.2.1-4 Numeric Keypad Layout
11.3.2.2.1-5 Cursor Control Keys
11.3.2.2.1-6 Cursor Key Layout
11.3.2.2.1-7 Editing Keys
11.3.2.2.1-8 Dual-State Keys
11.3.2.2.1-9 Key Row Contour
11.3.2.2.1-10 Overlays
11.3.2.2.1-11 Keyboard Thickness (Height)
11.3.2.2.1-12 Keyboard Slope Adjustment
11.3.2.2.1-13 Standard Keyboard Placement
11.3.2.2.1-14 Inadvertent Operation
11.3.2.2.1-15 Multiple Keyboards
11.3.2.2.1-16 Alternate Key Definitions
11.3.2.2.1-17 Home Row Locator
11.3.2.2.1-18 Attached Keyboard Wrist Rest
11.3.2.2.2 Data Entry Key Characteristics
11.3.2.2.2-1 Keytop Size
11.3.2.2.2-2 Keytop Contour
11.3.2.2.2-3 Key Symbols
11.3.2.2.2-4 Key Symbol Height
11.3.2.2.2-5 Key Symbol Contrast
11.3.2.2.2-6 Key Symbol Marking
11.3.2.2.2-7 Key Symbol Font
11.3.2.2.2-8 Key Spacing
11.3.2.2.2-9 Key Height
11.3.2.2.2-10 Key Activation Force
11.3.2.2.2-11 Key Displacement
11.3.2.2.2-12 Keying Feedback
11.3.2.2.2-13 Repeat Capability
11.3.2.2.2-14 Rapid Keystrokes
11.3.2.2.2-15 Keystroke Commands
11.3.2.2.2-16 Simultaneous Keystrokes
11.3.2.2.3 Function Keys
11.3.2.2.3-1 Availability
11.3.2.2.3-2 Inactive Function Keys
11.3.2.2.3-3 Inactive Keys
11.3.2.2.3-4 Grouping
11.3.2.2.3-5 Function Labels
11.3.2.2.3-6 Consistency
11.3.2.2.3-7 Actuation
11.3.2.2.3-8 Repeat for Special Functions
11.3.2.2.3-9 Status Display
11.3.2.2.3-10 Easy Return to Initial Functions
11.3.2.2.3-11 Reprogrammable or Inactive Default Functions
11.3.2.2.3-12 Shifted Characters
11.3.2.3 Pointer or Controller Input Devices
11.3.2.3.1 General Pointer or Controller Input Device Characteristics
11.3.2.3.1-1 Appropriate Pointer or Controller Input Device for the Task
11.3.2.3.1-2 Dynamic Characteristics
11.3.2.3.1-3 Control Dynamics Expectations
11.3.2.3.1-4 Selectable Tracking Speed
11.3.2.3.1-5 Intentional Movements
11.3.2.3.1-6 Grip Surface
11.3.2.3.1-7 Grip Constancy
11.3.2.3.1-8 Selectable Interclick Interval
11.3.2.3.1-9 Single Monitor and Single Controller Cursor Travel Limits
11.3.2.3.1-10 Separation of Selectable Screen Items
11.3.2.3.2 Mouse Devices
11.3.2.3.2-1 Appropriate Use
11.3.2.3.2-2 Mouse Shape
11.3.2.3.2-3 Mouse Size
11.3.2.3.2-4 Mouse Sensor Position
11.3.2.3.2-5 Limb Support
11.3.2.3.2-6 Connection
11.3.2.3.3 Trackball Devices
11.3.2.3.3-1 Trackball Geometry
11.3.2.3.3-2 Trackball Resistance
11.3.2.3.3-3 Limb Support
11.3.2.3.4 Joystick Devices
11.3.2.3.4-1 Appropriate Use of Displacement (Isotonic) Joysticks
11.3.2.3.4-2 Appropriate Use of Force (Isometric) Joysticks
11.3.2.3.4-3 Force Joystick Dynamic Characteristics
11.3.2.3.4-4 Displacement Joystick Dynamic Characteristics
11.3.2.3.4-5 Hand-Operated Joystick Dimensions and Clearances
11.3.2.3.4-6 Finger-Operated Joystick Dimensions
11.3.2.3.4-7 Positive Centering
11.3.2.3.4-8 Limb Support
11.3.2.3.5 Light Pen, Stylus, and Graphic Tablet Devices
11.3.2.3.5-1 Appropriate Use of a Light Pen
11.3.2.3.5-2 Appropriate Use of a Stylus or Graphics Tablet
11.3.2.3.5-3 Activation
11.3.2.3.5-4 Feedback
11.3.2.3.5-5 Dynamic Characteristics
11.3.2.3.5-6 Follower Visibility
11.3.2.3.5-7 Serial Command Response
11.3.2.3.5-8 Feedback for Multiple Devices
11.3.2.3.5-9 Light Pen and Input Stylus Dimensions
11.3.2.3.5-10 Light Pen and Input Stylus Characteristics
11.3.2.3.5-11 Graphic Tablet Size and Orientation
11.3.2.3.5-12 Tablet and Overlay Surface
11.3.2.3.6 Touch-Screen Devices
11.3.2.3.6-1 Appropriate Use of Touch-Screen Devices
11.3.2.3.6-2 Dimensions and Separation of Touch Zones
11.3.2.3.6-3 Touch-Screen Resistance
11.3.2.3.6-4 Neutral Tint of Touch Overlays
11.3.2.3.6-5 Target Tracking
11.3.2.3.6-6 Positive Indication
11.3.2.3.6-7 Display Response Time (Latency)
11.3.2.3.6-8 Important Tasks
11.3.2.3.6-9 Repeat Function Delay
11.3.2.3.6-10 Reach Considerations
11.3.2.3.6-11 Elbow Support
11.3.3 Hand-Held Devices
11.3.3-1 Usability
11.3.3-2 Display Image Conversion
11.3.3-3 Access to Important Information
11.3.3-4 Navigating Long Pages
11.3.3-5 Text Organization
11.3.3-6 User Input Mode
11.3.4 Desktops and Work Surfaces
11.3.4.1 General Configuration
11.3.4.1-1 Stand-Only Work Surface Height
11.3.4.1-2 Sit-Only Work Surface Height
11.3.4.1-3 Sit-Stand Work Surface Height
11.3.4.1-4 Work Surface Width
11.3.4.1-5 Work Surface Depth
11.3.4.1-6 Work Surface Depth Allowances
11.3.4.1-7 Work Surface Stability
11.3.4.2 Clearance Under Work Surfaces
11.3.4.2-1 Leg and Foot Room
11.3.4.2-2 Leg/Foot Position
11.3.4.2-3 Front-Edge Leg Room Height
11.3.4.2-4 Knee-Position Leg Room Height
11.3.4.2-5 Leg Room Clearance Width
11.3.4.2-6 Knee-Level Leg Room Depth
11.3.4.2-7 Foot-Level Leg Room Depth
11.3.4.2-8 Under-Surface Angle for Leg Room Clearance
11.3.4.2-9 Foot Clearance
11.3.5 Workstation Support Device
11.3.5.1 Visual Display Support Surface/Device
11.3.5.1-1 Adjustment of Viewing Distance
11.3.5.1-2 Adjustment of Tilt and Rotation Angle
11.3.5.1-3 Visual Display Adjustment Clearance
11.3.5.1-4 Visual Display Stability
11.3.5.2 Input Device Support Surface
11.3.5.2-1 Input Device Forward and Backward Adjustability
11.3.5.2-2 Input Device Side-to-Side Adjustability
11.3.5.2-3 Input Device Surface Height
11.3.5.2-4 Input Device Surface Tilt Angle
11.3.5.3 Document Holders
11.3.5.3-1 Document Holder Adjustability
11.3.5.3-2 Document Holder Stability
11.3.5.4 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Supports
11.3.5.4-1 Appropriate Use for Wrist/Palm/Forearm Supports
11.3.5.4-2 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Support Depth
11.3.5.4-3 Wrist/Palm Support Width
11.3.5.4-4 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Support Adjustability
11.3.5.4-5 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Support Configuration/Material
11.4 Workstation Labeling and Demarcations
11.4.1 Labels
11.4.1.1 Labeling Principles
11.4.1.1-1 Need for Labeling
11.4.1.1-2 Hierarchic Scheme
11.4.1.2 Label Location
11.4.1.2-1 Normal Placement
11.4.1.2-2 Proximity
11.4.1.2-3 Visibility
11.4.1.2-4 Labeling Elements Above Eye Level
11.4.1.2-5 Labels on Controls
11.4.1.2-6 Adjacent Labels
11.4.1.2-7 Integrity
11.4.1.2-8 Surface
11.4.1.2-9 Horizontal Orientation
11.4.1.2-10 Curved Patterns
11.4.1.2-11 Other Information Sources
11.4.1.2-12 Concealment
11.4.1.2-13 Cleaning
11.4.1.3 Label Content
11.4.1.3-1 Principal Function
11.4.1.3-2 Wording of Instruction Labels
11.4.1.3-3 Commonly Used Terms and Symbols
11.4.1.3-4 Distinguishability
11.4.1.3-5 Label Similarity
11.4.1.3-6 Consistency
11.4.1.3-7 Agreement with Procedures
11.4.1.3-8 Administrative Control
11.4.1.3-9 Functional Relationship
11.4.1.3-10 Direction
11.4.1.3-11 Access Opening Labeling
11.4.1.3-12 Danger, Warning, and Safety Instruction Labels
11.4.1.4 Temporary Labels and Tagouts
11.4.1.4-1 Necessity
11.4.1.4-2 Visibility
11.4.1.4-3 Identification
11.4.1.4-4 Mounting
11.4.1.4-5 Activation
11.4.1.4-6 Adjacent Devices
11.4.1.4-7 Administrative Procedures
11.4.1.5 Label Lettering
11.4.1.5-1 Character Height
11.4.1.5-2 Letter Size in Hierarchic Labels
11.4.1.5-3 Contrast
11.4.1.5-4 Character Selection
11.4.1.5-5 Character Width
11.4.1.5-6 Stroke Width
11.4.1.5-7 Spacing
11.4.2 Demarcations
11.4.2-1 Use
11.4.2-2 Contrast
11.4.2-3 Permanence
11.4.2-4 Consistency
11.4.2-5 User Expectations
11.5 Chairs and Footrests
11.5.1 General Seating Guidance
11.5.1-1 Seating Performance
11.5.1-2 Quality, Strength, and Durability
11.5.2 Seat Pan
11.5.2-1 Sit-Stand Seat Pan Height
11.5.2-2 Sit-Only Seat Pan Height
11.5.2-3 Seat Pan Width
11.5.2-4 Seat Pan Depth
11.5.2-5 Seat Pan Angle
11.5.2-6 Seat Pan Configuration
11.5.3 Backrest
11.5.3-1 Chair Backrest Angle
11.5.3-2 Chair Backrest Height
11.5.3-3 Chair Backrest Width
11.5.3-4 Lumbar Support Area Height
11.5.3-5 Chair Backrest Tension
11.5.3-6 Chair Backrest Configuration
11.5.4 Chair Surfaces
11.5.4-1 Chair Surface Compression/Deformation
11.5.4-2 Chair Surface Configuration/Material
11.5.5 Armrests
11.5.5-1 Appropriate Use for Chair Armrests
11.5.5-2 Chair Armrest Height
11.5.5-3 Chair Armrest Separation
11.5.5-4 Chair Armrest Adjustability
11.5.5-5 Chair Armrest Width
11.5.5-6 Chair Armrest Length
11.5.5-7 Chair Armrest Configuration/Material
11.5.5-8 Chair Armrest Clearance to the Wall
11.5.6 Chair Headrest
11.5.6-1 Appropriate Use for Chair Headrests
11.5.6-2 Chair Headrest Adjustability
11.5.7 Chair Pedestal/Legs
11.5.7-1 Chair Pedestal Configuration
11.5.7-2 Chair Leg Configuration
11.5.8 Casters
11.5.8-1 Appropriate Use for Chair Casters
11.5.8-2 Seat Chair Material
11.5.9 Temporary Seating
11.5.9-1 Swing-Away Seats
11.5.9-2 Stools
11.5.10 Footrests
11.5.10-1 Appropriate Use for Footrests
11.5.10-2 Chair-Mounted Footrest
11.5.10-3 Floor or Console-Mounted Footrest
11.5.10-4 Footrest Height
11.5.10-5 Footrest Width
11.5.10-6 Footrest Depth
11.5.10-7 Footrest Angle
11.5.10-8 Footrest Material
11.5.11 Clearance Behind Seated Workstations
11.5.11-1 Clearance Behind Workstation with Chair
11.5.11-2 Clearance Behind Workstation with Stool
11.6 Printers, Recorders, and Plotters
11.6-1 Placement of Printers
11.6-2 Legibility
11.6-3 Contrast
11.6-4 Illumination
11.6-5 Visibility
11.6-6 User Annotation Capability
11.6-7 Takeup Provision
11.6-8 Indication of Supply of Materials
11.6-9 Quality of Expendable Materials
11.6-10 Availability of Expendable Material
11.6-11 Ease of Routine Replenishment
11.6-12 Smudging or Smearing
11.6-13 Job Aids
11.6-14 Scale Design
11.6-15 Scale Compatibility
11.6-16 Tearing Off Continuous Recordings
11.6-17 Paper-Speed Adjustability
11.6-18 Labeling
11.6-19 Ink Colors
11.6-20 Channel Overload
11.6-21 Channel Identification on Instrument
11.6-22 Channel Identification on Recording
11.6-23 Channel Selection Capability
12 WORKPLACE DESIGN
12.1 Control Rooms
12.1.1 Control Room Configuration
12.1.1.1 Architectural Features
12.1.1.1-1 Shape of Control Room
12.1.1.1-2 Personnel Safety
12.1.1.1-3 Nonessential Personnel
12.1.1.1-4 Hinged Door Dimensions
12.1.1.1-5 Hinged Door Clearances
12.1.1.1-6 Hinged Door Opening Direction
12.1.1.1-7 Emergency Exit Space
12.1.1.1-8 Emergency Exit Features
12.1.1.1-9 Windows
12.1.1.2 Furniture and Equipment Layout
12.1.1.2-1 Accommodate Staffing
12.1.1.2-2 Accommodate Additional Personnel
12.1.1.2-3 Viewing
12.1.1.2-4 Arranged To Facilitate Coverage
12.1.1.2-5 Communications
12.1.1.2-6 Access to Workplaces
12.1.1.2-7 Maneuvering Space
12.1.1.2-8 Distance of Equipment to Opposing Surface
12.1.1.2-9 Openings
12.1.1.2-10 Consistency across Control Rooms
12.1.1.3 Group-View Display Devices
12.1.1.3.1 Device Viewing Characteristics
12.1.1.3.1-1 Maximum Viewing Distance
12.1.1.3.1-2 Minimum Viewing Distance
12.1.1.3.1-3 Off-Centerline Viewing Angle
12.1.1.3.1-4 Projected Display Viewing Angles for Projected Displays
12.1.1.3.1-5 Viewing of Multiple Display Devices
12.1.1.3.1-6 Unobstructed View
12.1.1.3.1-7 Externally Illuminated Displays
12.1.1.3.1-8 Superposed Characters for Projected Displays
12.1.1.3.1-9 Luminance Ratio for Projected Displays
12.1.1.3.1-10 Image Luminance for Projected Displays
12.1.1.3.1-11 Minimize Keystone Effects for Projected Displays
12.1.1.3.2 Information Display
12.1.1.3.2-1 Text Size
12.1.1.3.2-2 Labels
12.1.1.3.2-3 Use of Information Displays Developed for Standard Video Display Units
12.1.1.3.3 Integration into the Control Room
12.1.1.3.3-1 Glare and Reflections on the Display
12.1.1.3.3-2 Architectural Considerations
12.1.1.4 Document Organization and Storage
12.1.1.4-1 Accessibility
12.1.1.4-2 Location Aids
12.1.1.4-3 Convenience of Use
12.1.1.4-4 Bound Documents
12.1.1.4-5 Protection
12.1.1.5 Emergency Equipment
12.1.1.5.1 Personnel Protective Equipment
12.1.1.5.1-1 Types of Equipment
12.1.1.5.1-2 Anthropometry
12.1.1.5.1-3 Periodic Checks
12.1.1.5.1-4 Quantity
12.1.1.5.1-5 Marking
12.1.1.5.1-6 Expendables
12.1.1.5.1-7 Accessibility
12.1.1.5.1-8 Procedures
12.1.1.5.2 Fire, Radiation, and Rescue Equipment
12.1.1.5.2-1 Periodic Checks
12.1.1.5.2-2 Accessibility
12.1.1.5.2-3 Procedures
12.1.1.5.2-4 Automatic Warning System
12.1.1.5.3 Emergency Equipment Storage
12.1.1.5.3-1 Proper Storage
12.1.1.5.3-2 Storage Locations
12.1.1.6 Supervisor Access
12.1.1.6-1 Access
12.1.1.6-2 Communications
12.1.1.7 Visitor Viewing Areas and Security
12.1.1.7-1 Sensitive Information
12.1.1.8 Spare Parts, Operating Expendables, and Tools
12.1.1.8-1 Supply
12.1.1.8-2 Accessibility
12.1.1.8-3 Tools
12.1.1.8-4 Storage Space
12.1.1.8-5 Coding
12.1.1.9 Maintenance
12.1.1.9-1 Maintenance Independence
12.1.1.9-2 Maintenance Interfaces
12.1.1.10 Ambience and Comfort
12.1.1.10-1 Decor
12.1.1.10-2 Restroom and Eating Facilities
12.1.1.10-3 Rest Area or Lounge
12.1.1.10-4 Storage Locations
12.1.1.10-5 Storage Suitability
12.1.1.11 Multiunit Control Rooms
12.1.1.11-1 Equipment Arrangement
12.1.1.11-2 Senior Operator Station
12.1.1.11-3 Sharing of Procedures
12.1.1.11-4 Shared Equipment
12.1.1.11-5 Mirror Image Layouts
12.1.1.11-6 Accentuate Differences
12.1.1.12 HSI Upgrades
12.1.1.12-1 Consistent System Response
12.1.1.12-2 Existing Skills Preserved
12.1.1.12-3 Salient Changes
12.1.2 Control Room Environment
12.1.2.1 Temperature and Humidity
12.1.2.1-1 Ambient Temperature
12.1.2.1-2 Relative Humidity
12.1.2.1-3 Effective Temperature
12.1.2.1-4 Vertical Temperature Differential
12.1.2.1-5 Floor Temperature
12.1.2.1-6 Side Wall Temperatures
12.1.2.1-7 Temperature Asymmetry
12.1.2.1-8 Control of Temperature and Humidity
12.1.2.1-9 Diurnal Rhythms
12.1.2.1-10 Thermal Shock
12.1.2.2 Ventilation and Air Quality
12.1.2.2-1 Air Exchange
12.1.2.2-2 Air Velocity
12.1.2.2-3 Drafts from Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems
12.1.2.2-4 Internally Generated Pollutants
12.1.2.2-5 Carbon Dioxide Concentration
12.1.2.2-6 Harmful Substances
12.1.2.2-7 Fresh Air Contamination
12.1.2.3 Illumination
12.1.2.3-1 General Illumination Levels
12.1.2.3-2 General Illumination Dimming
12.1.2.3-3 General Lighting Control Placement
12.1.2.3-4 Task-Specific Illumination Levels
12.1.2.3-5 Uniformity
12.1.2.3-6 Supplemental Light
12.1.2.3-7 Task Area Luminance Ratios
12.1.2.3-8 Shadows
12.1.2.3-9 Glare
12.1.2.3-10 Glare and the Use of Eyeglasses
12.1.2.3-11 Methods for Reducing Glare
12.1.2.3-12 Diffuse Reflectance
12.1.2.3-13 Specular Reflection
12.1.2.3-14 Color Rendering
12.1.2.3-15 Ambient Illumination and Visual Display Devices
12.1.2.3-16 Light Sources in Areas Surrounding Visual Display Devices
12.1.2.3-17 Minimize Reflections on Screens
12.1.2.3-18 Indirect Lighting Systems
12.1.2.3-19 Location of Lighting Fixtures
12.1.2.3-20 Flicker of Lighting Sources
12.1.2.3-21 Portable Lighting
12.1.2.4 Emergency Lighting
12.1.2.4-1 Automatic Action
12.1.2.4-2 Operability
12.1.2.4-3 Duration of Operation
12.1.2.4-4 Emergency Lighting Levels
12.1.2.5 Auditory Environment
12.1.2.5-1 General Guidance
12.1.2.5-2 Oral Communications
12.1.2.5-3 Background Noise Reductions
12.1.2.5-4 Acoustical Environment around Computer Workstations
12.1.2.5-5 Noise Distractions
12.1.2.5-6 Reverberation Time and Sound Absorption
12.2 Local Control Stations
12.2.1 Local Control Station Configuration
12.2.1.1 Equipment Labeling
12.2.1.1.1 Placement of Labels
12.2.1.1.1-1 Labeling of Equipment
12.2.1.1.1-2 Replacement of Labels
12.2.1.1.1-3 Viewing Direction
12.2.1.1.1-4 Label Visibility
12.2.1.1.1-5 Locator Labels
12.2.1.1.1-6 Label Orientation
12.2.1.1.1-7 Label Positioning
12.2.1.1.1-8 Redundant Labels
12.2.1.1.1-9 Label Placement Conventions
12.2.1.1.1-10 Label Mounting
12.2.1.1.1-11 Label Replacement after Maintenance
12.2.1.1.1-12 Means of Label Attachment
12.2.1.1.2 Label Design
12.2.1.1.2-1 Label Material
12.2.1.1.2-2 Label Contrast
12.2.1.1.2-3 Character Height
12.2.1.1.2-4 Stenciled Labels
12.2.1.1.2-5 Label Reflectance
12.2.1.1.3 Label Content
12.2.1.1.3-1 Label Information
12.2.1.1.3-2 Labeling Conventions
12.2.1.1.3-3 Standard Label Format
12.2.1.1.3-4 Abbreviations
12.2.1.2 Communications
12.2.1.2.1 Loudspeakers
12.2.1.2.1-1 Range of Coverage of Loudspeakers
12.2.1.2.1-2 Coverage Areas of Loudspeakers
12.2.1.2.1-3 Locations and Amplitudes of Loudspeakers
12.2.1.2.1-4 Echoes
12.2.1.2.2 Public Address/Pager Stations
12.2.1.2.2-1 Locations of Page Stations
12.2.1.2.2-2 Shielding of Page Stations
12.2.1.2.2-3 Control of Page System
12.2.1.2.2-4 Variable Amplitude Speakers
12.2.1.2.3 High Noise Areas
12.2.1.2.3-1 High Noise Environments
12.2.1.2.3-2 Portable Alerting Devices
12.2.1.2.4 Two-Way Communication Systems
12.2.1.2.4-1 Capacity Requirements
12.2.1.2.4-2 Dedicated Emergency Circuits
12.2.1.2.4-3 Signal Characteristics
12.2.1.2.4-4 System Access Locations
12.2.1.2.4-5 Portable Communication Devices
12.2.1.2.4-6 Radio Coverage
12.2.1.2.4-7 Radio Repeaters
12.2.1.2.4-8 Use with Protective Clothing
12.2.2 Local Control Station Environment
12.2.2.1 Heat and Humidity
12.2.2.1-1 Engineering Controls
12.2.2.2 Cold
12.2.2.2-1 Outdoor Equipment
12.2.2.2-2 Engineering Controls
12.2.2.3 Illumination
12.2.2.3-1 Illumination Levels
12.2.2.3-2 Portable Lighting
12.2.2.4 Auditory Environment
12.2.2.4-1 Quieting the Work Process
12.2.2.4-2 Limiting Noise
12.2.2.4-3 Hearing Protection
12.2.2.4-4 Efficacy of Hearing Protection Provided
12.2.2.4-5 Duration of Hearing Protection Use
12.2.2.4-6 Warning Signs for High Noise Areas
12.2.2.4-7 Sound Attenuating Enclosures
12.2.2.4-8 Communications and Hearing Protection
12.2.2.5 Accessibility
12.2.2.5-1 Permanent Means of Access
12.2.2.5-2 Temporary Means of Access
12.2.2.5-3 Appropriate Means of Access
12.2.2.5-4 Guardrails
12.2.2.5-5 Toe Boards, Guard Screens, and Handholds
12.2.2.5-6 Sufficient Clearance
12.2.2.5-7 Impediments to Access
12.2.2.5-8 Access Assist Features
12.2.2.5-9 Visual Inspection.
12.2.2.6 Vibration
12.2.2.6-1 Building Vibration
12.2.2.6-2 Reducing Vibration
12.2.2.6-3 Limiting Transmission of Vibration
12.2.2.6-4 Reducing the Effects of Vibration
12.2.2.6-5 Limiting Exposure to Vibration
12.2.2.7 Other Environmental Considerations
12.2.2.7-1 Adverse Environments