nureg0700rev3_review_subset_us


11 WORKSTATION DESIGN

11.1 General Workstation Guidelines

11.1.1 Configuration and Posture Support
  11.1.1-1 Appropriate Workstation Configuration
  11.1.1-2 Support for Task Requirements
  11.1.1-3 Simultaneous Users at a Single Workstation
  11.1.1-4 User Population Supported
  11.1.1-5 Range of Motion
  11.1.1-6 Standing Posture
  11.1.1-7 Seated Posture Variation

11.1.2 User Safety
  11.1.2-1 Adjustment Controls in the Workstation
  11.1.2-2 Fail-Safe Adjustable Surfaces
  11.1.2-3 Control-Locking Adjustable Surfaces
  11.1.2-4 Pinch Points
  11.1.2-5 Device Cabling
  11.1.2-6 High-Temperature Surface Exposure
  11.1.2-7 Low-Temperature Surface Exposure
  11.1.2-8 Electrical Shock Hazard
  11.1.2-9 Static Electricity
  11.1.2-10 Sharp Corners and Edges for Large Equipment and Furniture
  11.1.2-11 Sharp Corners and Edges for Small Equipment and Portable Devices
  11.1.2-12 Strength and Durability

11.2 Workstations Containing Primarily Analog HSIs

11.2.1 Analog Workstation Configuration

11.2.1.1 General
  11.2.1.1-1 Console Height To See Over
  11.2.1.1-2 Location of Controls
  11.2.1.1-3 Benchboard Slope
  11.2.1.1-4 Minimum Distance of Controls from the Front Edge of the Console
  11.2.1.1-5 Location of Displays
  11.2.1.1-6 Horizontal Viewing Angle for Important Displays
  11.2.1.1-7 Writing Space on Consoles
  11.2.1.1-8 Use of Procedures and Other Reference Materials at Consoles

11.2.1.2 Standup Workstations
  11.2.1.2-1 Height Range for Controls
  11.2.1.2-2 Height Range for Important Controls
  11.2.1.2-3 Height Range for Displays
  11.2.1.2-4 Height Range for Important Displays
  11.2.1.2-5 Lateral Spread of Controls and Displays

11.2.1.3 Sit-Only Workstations
  11.2.1.3-1 Height Range for Controls
  11.2.1.3-2 Height Range for Important Controls
  11.2.1.3-3 Height Range for Displays
  11.2.1.3-4 Height Range for Important Displays

11.2.2 Panel Layout

11.2.2.1 General Panel Layout

11.2.2.1.1 Assignment of Panel HSIs
  11.2.2.1.1-1 Grouping by Task
  11.2.2.1.1-2 Grouping by System Function
  11.2.2.1.1-3 Grouping by Importance and Frequency of Use
  11.2.2.1.1-4 Less Important Controls and Displays

11.2.2.1.2 Enhancing Recognition and Identification
  11.2.2.1.2-1 Spacing
  11.2.2.1.2-2 Color Shading
  11.2.2.1.2-3 Emergency Controls

11.2.2.2 Layout Arrangement Factors
  11.2.2.2-1 Sequence
  11.2.2.2-2 Frequency of Use
  11.2.2.2-3 Functional Considerations
  11.2.2.2-4 Order and Labeling
  11.2.2.2-5 User Expectations
  11.2.2.2-6 Inter- and Intra-Panel Consistency
  11.2.2.2-7 Repeated Functions
  11.2.2.2-8 Mirror-Imaging
  11.2.2.2-9 Panel-to-Panel Standardization
  11.2.2.2-10 Simulator-to-Control Room Standardization

11.2.2.3 Specific Panel Layout Design

11.2.2.3.1 Separation of Controls
  11.2.2.3.1-1 Access
  11.2.2.3.1-2 Inadvertent Actuation
  11.2.2.3.1-3 Simultaneous Actuation

11.2.2.3.2 Strings or Clusters of Similar Components
  11.2.2.3.2-1 Orientation
  11.2.2.3.2-2 String Length
  11.2.2.3.2-3 Number of Components
  11.2.2.3.2-4 Coordinate Axes for Matrices
  11.2.2.3.2-5 Labeling Large Matrices
  11.2.2.3.2-6 Demarcation of Large Matrices

11.2.3 Control-Display Integration

11.2.3.1 Basic Control Display Relationships

11.2.3.1.1 Single Control and Display Pairs
  11.2.3.1.1-1 Proximity
  11.2.3.1.1-2 Obscuration
  11.2.3.1.1-3 Association

11.2.3.1.2 Multiple Controls and a Single Display
  11.2.3.1.2-1 Controls Mounted Below Display
  11.2.3.1.2-2 Alternative Control Position
  11.2.3.1.2-3 Controls Centered on Display
  11.2.3.1.2-4 Grouping of Controls
  11.2.3.1.2-5 Arrangement of Controls
  11.2.3.1.2-6 Enhancement of Control Layout

11.2.3.1.3 Single Control and Multiple Displays
  11.2.3.1.3-1 Displays Located Above Control
  11.2.3.1.3-2 Alternative Position for Displays
  11.2.3.1.3-3 Control Centered Below Displays
  11.2.3.1.3-4 Grouping of Displays
  11.2.3.1.3-5 Arrangement of Displays
  11.2.3.1.3-6 Visibility During Control Manipulation
  11.2.3.1.3-7 Enhancement of Display Layout

11.2.3.1.4 Display Selectors
  11.2.3.1.4-1 Display Selector Motion
  11.2.3.1.4-2 Display Selector Sequence
  11.2.3.1.4-3 Display Selector Labeling
  11.2.3.1.4-4 Display Selectors Scale

11.2.3.2 Groups of Controls and Displays
  11.2.3.2-1 Functional Grouping
  11.2.3.2-2 Sequence of Use
  11.2.3.2-3 Display Above Each Control
  11.2.3.2-4 Controls and Displays in Rows
  11.2.3.2-5 Multirow Displays with Single-Row Controls
  11.2.3.2-6 Consistent Practice
  11.2.3.2-7 Control/Display Packages
  11.2.3.2-8 Separated Controls and Displays
  11.2.3.2-9 Facing Panels

11.2.3.3 Dynamic Control-Display Relationships
  11.2.3.3-1 Rotary Controls
  11.2.3.3-2 Linear Controls
  11.2.3.3-3 Display Response Time Lag
  11.2.3.3-4 Precision of Control
  11.2.3.3-5 Resolution of Display
  11.2.3.3-6 Excess Precision
  11.2.3.3-7 Feedback

11.3 Workstations Containing Primarily Computer-Based HSIs

11.3.1 Visual Display Devices

11.3.1.1 General
  11.3.1.1-1 Design of Visual Display Device(s)
  11.3.1.1-2 Number, Size, and Resolution of Visual Display Device To Support Task Demands
  11.3.1.1-3 Number of Visual Display Devices To Minimize Workload

11.3.1.2 Relationship to Viewer (Viewing Angles and Distances)
  11.3.1.2-1 Vertical Viewing Angle
  11.3.1.2-2 Horizontal Viewing Angle
  11.3.1.2-3 Minimum Viewing Distance
  11.3.1.2-4 Large Viewing Distances
  11.3.1.2-5 Orientation of Display Screen Face

11.3.1.3 Relationship to Lighting Environment (Reflections and Glare)
  11.3.1.3-1 Reflections and Glare
  11.3.1.3-2 Contrast Ratio (Specular)
  11.3.1.3-3 Contrast Ratio (Ambient)
  11.3.1.3-4 Contribution from Ambient Illumination
  11.3.1.3-5 Shields or Filters—Antiglare Treatment

11.3.1.4 Display Screen Performance Measurement Parameters

11.3.1.4.1 Screen Spatial Properties
  11.3.1.4.1-1 Display Screen Resolution
  11.3.1.4.1-2 Display Screen Contrast
  11.3.1.4.1-3 Display Screen Contrast Uniformity
  11.3.1.4.1-4 Display Image Continuity
  11.3.1.4.1-5 Display Image Nonlinearity
  11.3.1.4.1-6 Display Image Orthogonality
  11.3.1.4.1-7 Display Screen Pixel Properties
  11.3.1.4.1-8 Moiré Patterns

11.3.1.4.2 Screen Temporal Properties
  11.3.1.4.2-1 Display Response Time
  11.3.1.4.2-2 Display Flicker
  11.3.1.4.2-3 Display Jitter
  11.3.1.4.2-4 Moving Edge Blur
  11.3.1.4.2-5 Other Display Instabilities

11.3.1.4.3 Screen Luminance
  11.3.1.4.3-1 Display Luminance
  11.3.1.4.3-2 Display Image Luminance Uniformity
  11.3.1.4.3-3 Display Luminance Adjustment Range
  11.3.1.4.3-4 Gamma and Gray Scale

11.3.1.4.4 Screen Colors
  11.3.1.4.4-1 Color Set
  11.3.1.4.4-2 Color Gamut
  11.3.1.4.4-3 Color Uniformity
  11.3.1.4.4-4 Color Convergence
  11.3.1.4.4-5 Reference White

11.3.2 Computer Input Devices

11.3.2.1 General Computer Input Device
  11.3.2.1-1 Device Stability
  11.3.2.1-2 Hard Surface Edges and Corners
  11.3.2.1-3 Device Surface Finish
  11.3.2.1-4 Button Placement and Activation Mode
  11.3.2.1-5 Button Activation Isolation
  11.3.2.1-6 Button Force and Displacement
  11.3.2.1-7 Button Feedback
  11.3.2.1-8 Button Lock
  11.3.2.1-9 Handedness
  11.3.2.1-10 Neutral Wrist Position

11.3.2.2 Keyboard Devices

11.3.2.2.1 Keyboard Device Layout, Dimensions, and Orientation
  11.3.2.2.1-1 Number of Keyboard Rows
  11.3.2.2.1-2 Typing Keyboard Layout
  11.3.2.2.1-3 Numeric Keypad
  11.3.2.2.1-4 Numeric Keypad Layout
  11.3.2.2.1-5 Cursor Control Keys
  11.3.2.2.1-6 Cursor Key Layout
  11.3.2.2.1-7 Editing Keys
  11.3.2.2.1-8 Dual-State Keys
  11.3.2.2.1-9 Key Row Contour
  11.3.2.2.1-10 Overlays
  11.3.2.2.1-11 Keyboard Thickness (Height)
  11.3.2.2.1-12 Keyboard Slope Adjustment
  11.3.2.2.1-13 Standard Keyboard Placement
  11.3.2.2.1-14 Inadvertent Operation
  11.3.2.2.1-15 Multiple Keyboards
  11.3.2.2.1-16 Alternate Key Definitions
  11.3.2.2.1-17 Home Row Locator
  11.3.2.2.1-18 Attached Keyboard Wrist Rest

11.3.2.2.2 Data Entry Key Characteristics
  11.3.2.2.2-1 Keytop Size
  11.3.2.2.2-2 Keytop Contour
  11.3.2.2.2-3 Key Symbols
  11.3.2.2.2-4 Key Symbol Height
  11.3.2.2.2-5 Key Symbol Contrast
  11.3.2.2.2-6 Key Symbol Marking
  11.3.2.2.2-7 Key Symbol Font
  11.3.2.2.2-8 Key Spacing
  11.3.2.2.2-9 Key Height
  11.3.2.2.2-10 Key Activation Force
  11.3.2.2.2-11 Key Displacement
  11.3.2.2.2-12 Keying Feedback
  11.3.2.2.2-13 Repeat Capability
  11.3.2.2.2-14 Rapid Keystrokes
  11.3.2.2.2-15 Keystroke Commands
  11.3.2.2.2-16 Simultaneous Keystrokes

11.3.2.2.3 Function Keys
  11.3.2.2.3-1 Availability
  11.3.2.2.3-2 Inactive Function Keys
  11.3.2.2.3-3 Inactive Keys
  11.3.2.2.3-4 Grouping
  11.3.2.2.3-5 Function Labels
  11.3.2.2.3-6 Consistency
  11.3.2.2.3-7 Actuation
  11.3.2.2.3-8 Repeat for Special Functions
  11.3.2.2.3-9 Status Display
  11.3.2.2.3-10 Easy Return to Initial Functions
  11.3.2.2.3-11 Reprogrammable or Inactive Default Functions
  11.3.2.2.3-12 Shifted Characters

11.3.2.3 Pointer or Controller Input Devices

11.3.2.3.1 General Pointer or Controller Input Device Characteristics
  11.3.2.3.1-1 Appropriate Pointer or Controller Input Device for the Task
  11.3.2.3.1-2 Dynamic Characteristics
  11.3.2.3.1-3 Control Dynamics Expectations
  11.3.2.3.1-4 Selectable Tracking Speed
  11.3.2.3.1-5 Intentional Movements
  11.3.2.3.1-6 Grip Surface
  11.3.2.3.1-7 Grip Constancy
  11.3.2.3.1-8 Selectable Interclick Interval
  11.3.2.3.1-9 Single Monitor and Single Controller Cursor Travel Limits
  11.3.2.3.1-10 Separation of Selectable Screen Items

11.3.2.3.2 Mouse Devices
  11.3.2.3.2-1 Appropriate Use
  11.3.2.3.2-2 Mouse Shape
  11.3.2.3.2-3 Mouse Size
  11.3.2.3.2-4 Mouse Sensor Position
  11.3.2.3.2-5 Limb Support
  11.3.2.3.2-6 Connection

11.3.2.3.3 Trackball Devices
  11.3.2.3.3-1 Trackball Geometry
  11.3.2.3.3-2 Trackball Resistance
  11.3.2.3.3-3 Limb Support

11.3.2.3.4 Joystick Devices
  11.3.2.3.4-1 Appropriate Use of Displacement (Isotonic) Joysticks
  11.3.2.3.4-2 Appropriate Use of Force (Isometric) Joysticks
  11.3.2.3.4-3 Force Joystick Dynamic Characteristics
  11.3.2.3.4-4 Displacement Joystick Dynamic Characteristics
  11.3.2.3.4-5 Hand-Operated Joystick Dimensions and Clearances
  11.3.2.3.4-6 Finger-Operated Joystick Dimensions
  11.3.2.3.4-7 Positive Centering
  11.3.2.3.4-8 Limb Support

11.3.2.3.5 Light Pen, Stylus, and Graphic Tablet Devices
  11.3.2.3.5-1 Appropriate Use of a Light Pen
  11.3.2.3.5-2 Appropriate Use of a Stylus or Graphics Tablet
  11.3.2.3.5-3 Activation
  11.3.2.3.5-4 Feedback
  11.3.2.3.5-5 Dynamic Characteristics
  11.3.2.3.5-6 Follower Visibility
  11.3.2.3.5-7 Serial Command Response
  11.3.2.3.5-8 Feedback for Multiple Devices
  11.3.2.3.5-9 Light Pen and Input Stylus Dimensions
  11.3.2.3.5-10 Light Pen and Input Stylus Characteristics
  11.3.2.3.5-11 Graphic Tablet Size and Orientation
  11.3.2.3.5-12 Tablet and Overlay Surface

11.3.2.3.6 Touch-Screen Devices
  11.3.2.3.6-1 Appropriate Use of Touch-Screen Devices
  11.3.2.3.6-2 Dimensions and Separation of Touch Zones
  11.3.2.3.6-3 Touch-Screen Resistance
  11.3.2.3.6-4 Neutral Tint of Touch Overlays
  11.3.2.3.6-5 Target Tracking
  11.3.2.3.6-6 Positive Indication
  11.3.2.3.6-7 Display Response Time (Latency)
  11.3.2.3.6-8 Important Tasks
  11.3.2.3.6-9 Repeat Function Delay
  11.3.2.3.6-10 Reach Considerations
  11.3.2.3.6-11 Elbow Support

11.3.3 Hand-Held Devices
  11.3.3-1 Usability
  11.3.3-2 Display Image Conversion
  11.3.3-3 Access to Important Information
  11.3.3-4 Navigating Long Pages
  11.3.3-5 Text Organization
  11.3.3-6 User Input Mode

11.3.4 Desktops and Work Surfaces

11.3.4.1 General Configuration
  11.3.4.1-1 Stand-Only Work Surface Height
  11.3.4.1-2 Sit-Only Work Surface Height
  11.3.4.1-3 Sit-Stand Work Surface Height
  11.3.4.1-4 Work Surface Width
  11.3.4.1-5 Work Surface Depth
  11.3.4.1-6 Work Surface Depth Allowances
  11.3.4.1-7 Work Surface Stability

11.3.4.2 Clearance Under Work Surfaces
  11.3.4.2-1 Leg and Foot Room
  11.3.4.2-2 Leg/Foot Position
  11.3.4.2-3 Front-Edge Leg Room Height
  11.3.4.2-4 Knee-Position Leg Room Height
  11.3.4.2-5 Leg Room Clearance Width
  11.3.4.2-6 Knee-Level Leg Room Depth
  11.3.4.2-7 Foot-Level Leg Room Depth
  11.3.4.2-8 Under-Surface Angle for Leg Room Clearance
  11.3.4.2-9 Foot Clearance

11.3.5 Workstation Support Device

11.3.5.1 Visual Display Support Surface/Device
  11.3.5.1-1 Adjustment of Viewing Distance
  11.3.5.1-2 Adjustment of Tilt and Rotation Angle
  11.3.5.1-3 Visual Display Adjustment Clearance
  11.3.5.1-4 Visual Display Stability

11.3.5.2 Input Device Support Surface
  11.3.5.2-1 Input Device Forward and Backward Adjustability
  11.3.5.2-2 Input Device Side-to-Side Adjustability
  11.3.5.2-3 Input Device Surface Height
  11.3.5.2-4 Input Device Surface Tilt Angle

11.3.5.3 Document Holders
  11.3.5.3-1 Document Holder Adjustability
  11.3.5.3-2 Document Holder Stability

11.3.5.4 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Supports
  11.3.5.4-1 Appropriate Use for Wrist/Palm/Forearm Supports
  11.3.5.4-2 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Support Depth
  11.3.5.4-3 Wrist/Palm Support Width
  11.3.5.4-4 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Support Adjustability
  11.3.5.4-5 Wrist/Palm/Forearm Support Configuration/Material

11.4 Workstation Labeling and Demarcations

11.4.1 Labels

11.4.1.1 Labeling Principles
  11.4.1.1-1 Need for Labeling
  11.4.1.1-2 Hierarchic Scheme

11.4.1.2 Label Location
  11.4.1.2-1 Normal Placement
  11.4.1.2-2 Proximity
  11.4.1.2-3 Visibility
  11.4.1.2-4 Labeling Elements Above Eye Level
  11.4.1.2-5 Labels on Controls
  11.4.1.2-6 Adjacent Labels
  11.4.1.2-7 Integrity
  11.4.1.2-8 Surface
  11.4.1.2-9 Horizontal Orientation
  11.4.1.2-10 Curved Patterns
  11.4.1.2-11 Other Information Sources
  11.4.1.2-12 Concealment
  11.4.1.2-13 Cleaning

11.4.1.3 Label Content
  11.4.1.3-1 Principal Function
  11.4.1.3-2 Wording of Instruction Labels
  11.4.1.3-3 Commonly Used Terms and Symbols
  11.4.1.3-4 Distinguishability
  11.4.1.3-5 Label Similarity
  11.4.1.3-6 Consistency
  11.4.1.3-7 Agreement with Procedures
  11.4.1.3-8 Administrative Control
  11.4.1.3-9 Functional Relationship
  11.4.1.3-10 Direction
  11.4.1.3-11 Access Opening Labeling
  11.4.1.3-12 Danger, Warning, and Safety Instruction Labels

11.4.1.4 Temporary Labels and Tagouts
  11.4.1.4-1 Necessity
  11.4.1.4-2 Visibility
  11.4.1.4-3 Identification
  11.4.1.4-4 Mounting
  11.4.1.4-5 Activation
  11.4.1.4-6 Adjacent Devices
  11.4.1.4-7 Administrative Procedures

11.4.1.5 Label Lettering
  11.4.1.5-1 Character Height
  11.4.1.5-2 Letter Size in Hierarchic Labels
  11.4.1.5-3 Contrast
  11.4.1.5-4 Character Selection
  11.4.1.5-5 Character Width
  11.4.1.5-6 Stroke Width
  11.4.1.5-7 Spacing

11.4.2 Demarcations
  11.4.2-1 Use
  11.4.2-2 Contrast
  11.4.2-3 Permanence
  11.4.2-4 Consistency
  11.4.2-5 User Expectations

11.5 Chairs and Footrests

11.5.1 General Seating Guidance
  11.5.1-1 Seating Performance
  11.5.1-2 Quality, Strength, and Durability

11.5.2 Seat Pan
  11.5.2-1 Sit-Stand Seat Pan Height
  11.5.2-2 Sit-Only Seat Pan Height
  11.5.2-3 Seat Pan Width
  11.5.2-4 Seat Pan Depth
  11.5.2-5 Seat Pan Angle
  11.5.2-6 Seat Pan Configuration

11.5.3 Backrest
  11.5.3-1 Chair Backrest Angle
  11.5.3-2 Chair Backrest Height
  11.5.3-3 Chair Backrest Width
  11.5.3-4 Lumbar Support Area Height
  11.5.3-5 Chair Backrest Tension
  11.5.3-6 Chair Backrest Configuration

11.5.4 Chair Surfaces
  11.5.4-1 Chair Surface Compression/Deformation
  11.5.4-2 Chair Surface Configuration/Material

11.5.5 Armrests
  11.5.5-1 Appropriate Use for Chair Armrests
  11.5.5-2 Chair Armrest Height
  11.5.5-3 Chair Armrest Separation
  11.5.5-4 Chair Armrest Adjustability
  11.5.5-5 Chair Armrest Width
  11.5.5-6 Chair Armrest Length
  11.5.5-7 Chair Armrest Configuration/Material
  11.5.5-8 Chair Armrest Clearance to the Wall

11.5.6 Chair Headrest
  11.5.6-1 Appropriate Use for Chair Headrests
  11.5.6-2 Chair Headrest Adjustability

11.5.7 Chair Pedestal/Legs
  11.5.7-1 Chair Pedestal Configuration
  11.5.7-2 Chair Leg Configuration

11.5.8 Casters
  11.5.8-1 Appropriate Use for Chair Casters
  11.5.8-2 Seat Chair Material

11.5.9 Temporary Seating
  11.5.9-1 Swing-Away Seats
  11.5.9-2 Stools

11.5.10 Footrests
  11.5.10-1 Appropriate Use for Footrests
  11.5.10-2 Chair-Mounted Footrest
  11.5.10-3 Floor or Console-Mounted Footrest
  11.5.10-4 Footrest Height
  11.5.10-5 Footrest Width
  11.5.10-6 Footrest Depth
  11.5.10-7 Footrest Angle
  11.5.10-8 Footrest Material

11.5.11 Clearance Behind Seated Workstations
  11.5.11-1 Clearance Behind Workstation with Chair
  11.5.11-2 Clearance Behind Workstation with Stool

11.6 Printers, Recorders, and Plotters
  11.6-1 Placement of Printers
  11.6-2 Legibility
  11.6-3 Contrast
  11.6-4 Illumination
  11.6-5 Visibility
  11.6-6 User Annotation Capability
  11.6-7 Takeup Provision
  11.6-8 Indication of Supply of Materials
  11.6-9 Quality of Expendable Materials
  11.6-10 Availability of Expendable Material
  11.6-11 Ease of Routine Replenishment
  11.6-12 Smudging or Smearing
  11.6-13 Job Aids
  11.6-14 Scale Design
  11.6-15 Scale Compatibility
  11.6-16 Tearing Off Continuous Recordings
  11.6-17 Paper-Speed Adjustability
  11.6-18 Labeling
  11.6-19 Ink Colors
  11.6-20 Channel Overload
  11.6-21 Channel Identification on Instrument
  11.6-22 Channel Identification on Recording
  11.6-23 Channel Selection Capability

12 WORKPLACE DESIGN

12.1 Control Rooms

12.1.1 Control Room Configuration

12.1.1.1 Architectural Features
  12.1.1.1-1 Shape of Control Room
  12.1.1.1-2 Personnel Safety
  12.1.1.1-3 Nonessential Personnel
  12.1.1.1-4 Hinged Door Dimensions
  12.1.1.1-5 Hinged Door Clearances
  12.1.1.1-6 Hinged Door Opening Direction
  12.1.1.1-7 Emergency Exit Space
  12.1.1.1-8 Emergency Exit Features
  12.1.1.1-9 Windows

12.1.1.2 Furniture and Equipment Layout
  12.1.1.2-1 Accommodate Staffing
  12.1.1.2-2 Accommodate Additional Personnel
  12.1.1.2-3 Viewing
  12.1.1.2-4 Arranged To Facilitate Coverage
  12.1.1.2-5 Communications
  12.1.1.2-6 Access to Workplaces
  12.1.1.2-7 Maneuvering Space
  12.1.1.2-8 Distance of Equipment to Opposing Surface
  12.1.1.2-9 Openings
  12.1.1.2-10 Consistency across Control Rooms

12.1.1.3 Group-View Display Devices

12.1.1.3.1 Device Viewing Characteristics
  12.1.1.3.1-1 Maximum Viewing Distance
  12.1.1.3.1-2 Minimum Viewing Distance
  12.1.1.3.1-3 Off-Centerline Viewing Angle
  12.1.1.3.1-4 Projected Display Viewing Angles for Projected Displays
  12.1.1.3.1-5 Viewing of Multiple Display Devices
  12.1.1.3.1-6 Unobstructed View
  12.1.1.3.1-7 Externally Illuminated Displays
  12.1.1.3.1-8 Superposed Characters for Projected Displays
  12.1.1.3.1-9 Luminance Ratio for Projected Displays
  12.1.1.3.1-10 Image Luminance for Projected Displays
  12.1.1.3.1-11 Minimize Keystone Effects for Projected Displays

12.1.1.3.2 Information Display
  12.1.1.3.2-1 Text Size
  12.1.1.3.2-2 Labels
  12.1.1.3.2-3 Use of Information Displays Developed for Standard Video Display Units

12.1.1.3.3 Integration into the Control Room
  12.1.1.3.3-1 Glare and Reflections on the Display
  12.1.1.3.3-2 Architectural Considerations

12.1.1.4 Document Organization and Storage
  12.1.1.4-1 Accessibility
  12.1.1.4-2 Location Aids
  12.1.1.4-3 Convenience of Use
  12.1.1.4-4 Bound Documents
  12.1.1.4-5 Protection

12.1.1.5 Emergency Equipment

12.1.1.5.1 Personnel Protective Equipment
  12.1.1.5.1-1 Types of Equipment
  12.1.1.5.1-2 Anthropometry
  12.1.1.5.1-3 Periodic Checks
  12.1.1.5.1-4 Quantity
  12.1.1.5.1-5 Marking
  12.1.1.5.1-6 Expendables
  12.1.1.5.1-7 Accessibility
  12.1.1.5.1-8 Procedures

12.1.1.5.2 Fire, Radiation, and Rescue Equipment
  12.1.1.5.2-1 Periodic Checks
  12.1.1.5.2-2 Accessibility
  12.1.1.5.2-3 Procedures
  12.1.1.5.2-4 Automatic Warning System

12.1.1.5.3 Emergency Equipment Storage
  12.1.1.5.3-1 Proper Storage
  12.1.1.5.3-2 Storage Locations

12.1.1.6 Supervisor Access
  12.1.1.6-1 Access
  12.1.1.6-2 Communications

12.1.1.7 Visitor Viewing Areas and Security
  12.1.1.7-1 Sensitive Information

12.1.1.8 Spare Parts, Operating Expendables, and Tools
  12.1.1.8-1 Supply
  12.1.1.8-2 Accessibility
  12.1.1.8-3 Tools
  12.1.1.8-4 Storage Space
  12.1.1.8-5 Coding

12.1.1.9 Maintenance
  12.1.1.9-1 Maintenance Independence
  12.1.1.9-2 Maintenance Interfaces

12.1.1.10 Ambience and Comfort
  12.1.1.10-1 Decor
  12.1.1.10-2 Restroom and Eating Facilities
  12.1.1.10-3 Rest Area or Lounge
  12.1.1.10-4 Storage Locations
  12.1.1.10-5 Storage Suitability

12.1.1.11 Multiunit Control Rooms
  12.1.1.11-1 Equipment Arrangement
  12.1.1.11-2 Senior Operator Station
  12.1.1.11-3 Sharing of Procedures
  12.1.1.11-4 Shared Equipment
  12.1.1.11-5 Mirror Image Layouts
  12.1.1.11-6 Accentuate Differences

12.1.1.12 HSI Upgrades
  12.1.1.12-1 Consistent System Response
  12.1.1.12-2 Existing Skills Preserved
  12.1.1.12-3 Salient Changes

12.1.2 Control Room Environment

12.1.2.1 Temperature and Humidity
  12.1.2.1-1 Ambient Temperature
  12.1.2.1-2 Relative Humidity
  12.1.2.1-3 Effective Temperature
  12.1.2.1-4 Vertical Temperature Differential
  12.1.2.1-5 Floor Temperature
  12.1.2.1-6 Side Wall Temperatures
  12.1.2.1-7 Temperature Asymmetry
  12.1.2.1-8 Control of Temperature and Humidity
  12.1.2.1-9 Diurnal Rhythms
  12.1.2.1-10 Thermal Shock

12.1.2.2 Ventilation and Air Quality
  12.1.2.2-1 Air Exchange
  12.1.2.2-2 Air Velocity
  12.1.2.2-3 Drafts from Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems
  12.1.2.2-4 Internally Generated Pollutants
  12.1.2.2-5 Carbon Dioxide Concentration
  12.1.2.2-6 Harmful Substances
  12.1.2.2-7 Fresh Air Contamination

12.1.2.3 Illumination
  12.1.2.3-1 General Illumination Levels
  12.1.2.3-2 General Illumination Dimming
  12.1.2.3-3 General Lighting Control Placement
  12.1.2.3-4 Task-Specific Illumination Levels
  12.1.2.3-5 Uniformity
  12.1.2.3-6 Supplemental Light
  12.1.2.3-7 Task Area Luminance Ratios
  12.1.2.3-8 Shadows
  12.1.2.3-9 Glare
  12.1.2.3-10 Glare and the Use of Eyeglasses
  12.1.2.3-11 Methods for Reducing Glare
  12.1.2.3-12 Diffuse Reflectance
  12.1.2.3-13 Specular Reflection
  12.1.2.3-14 Color Rendering
  12.1.2.3-15 Ambient Illumination and Visual Display Devices
  12.1.2.3-16 Light Sources in Areas Surrounding Visual Display Devices
  12.1.2.3-17 Minimize Reflections on Screens
  12.1.2.3-18 Indirect Lighting Systems
  12.1.2.3-19 Location of Lighting Fixtures
  12.1.2.3-20 Flicker of Lighting Sources
  12.1.2.3-21 Portable Lighting

12.1.2.4 Emergency Lighting
  12.1.2.4-1 Automatic Action
  12.1.2.4-2 Operability
  12.1.2.4-3 Duration of Operation
  12.1.2.4-4 Emergency Lighting Levels

12.1.2.5 Auditory Environment
  12.1.2.5-1 General Guidance
  12.1.2.5-2 Oral Communications
  12.1.2.5-3 Background Noise Reductions
  12.1.2.5-4 Acoustical Environment around Computer Workstations
  12.1.2.5-5 Noise Distractions
  12.1.2.5-6 Reverberation Time and Sound Absorption

12.2 Local Control Stations

12.2.1 Local Control Station Configuration

12.2.1.1 Equipment Labeling

12.2.1.1.1 Placement of Labels
  12.2.1.1.1-1 Labeling of Equipment
  12.2.1.1.1-2 Replacement of Labels
  12.2.1.1.1-3 Viewing Direction
  12.2.1.1.1-4 Label Visibility
  12.2.1.1.1-5 Locator Labels
  12.2.1.1.1-6 Label Orientation
  12.2.1.1.1-7 Label Positioning
  12.2.1.1.1-8 Redundant Labels
  12.2.1.1.1-9 Label Placement Conventions
  12.2.1.1.1-10 Label Mounting
  12.2.1.1.1-11 Label Replacement after Maintenance
  12.2.1.1.1-12 Means of Label Attachment

12.2.1.1.2 Label Design
  12.2.1.1.2-1 Label Material
  12.2.1.1.2-2 Label Contrast
  12.2.1.1.2-3 Character Height
  12.2.1.1.2-4 Stenciled Labels
  12.2.1.1.2-5 Label Reflectance

12.2.1.1.3 Label Content
  12.2.1.1.3-1 Label Information
  12.2.1.1.3-2 Labeling Conventions
  12.2.1.1.3-3 Standard Label Format
  12.2.1.1.3-4 Abbreviations

12.2.1.2 Communications

12.2.1.2.1 Loudspeakers
  12.2.1.2.1-1 Range of Coverage of Loudspeakers
  12.2.1.2.1-2 Coverage Areas of Loudspeakers
  12.2.1.2.1-3 Locations and Amplitudes of Loudspeakers
  12.2.1.2.1-4 Echoes

12.2.1.2.2 Public Address/Pager Stations
  12.2.1.2.2-1 Locations of Page Stations
  12.2.1.2.2-2 Shielding of Page Stations
  12.2.1.2.2-3 Control of Page System
  12.2.1.2.2-4 Variable Amplitude Speakers

12.2.1.2.3 High Noise Areas
  12.2.1.2.3-1 High Noise Environments
  12.2.1.2.3-2 Portable Alerting Devices

12.2.1.2.4 Two-Way Communication Systems
  12.2.1.2.4-1 Capacity Requirements
  12.2.1.2.4-2 Dedicated Emergency Circuits
  12.2.1.2.4-3 Signal Characteristics
  12.2.1.2.4-4 System Access Locations
  12.2.1.2.4-5 Portable Communication Devices
  12.2.1.2.4-6 Radio Coverage
  12.2.1.2.4-7 Radio Repeaters
  12.2.1.2.4-8 Use with Protective Clothing

12.2.2 Local Control Station Environment

12.2.2.1 Heat and Humidity
  12.2.2.1-1 Engineering Controls

12.2.2.2 Cold
  12.2.2.2-1 Outdoor Equipment
  12.2.2.2-2 Engineering Controls

12.2.2.3 Illumination
  12.2.2.3-1 Illumination Levels
  12.2.2.3-2 Portable Lighting

12.2.2.4 Auditory Environment
  12.2.2.4-1 Quieting the Work Process
  12.2.2.4-2 Limiting Noise
  12.2.2.4-3 Hearing Protection
  12.2.2.4-4 Efficacy of Hearing Protection Provided
  12.2.2.4-5 Duration of Hearing Protection Use
  12.2.2.4-6 Warning Signs for High Noise Areas
  12.2.2.4-7 Sound Attenuating Enclosures
  12.2.2.4-8 Communications and Hearing Protection

12.2.2.5 Accessibility
  12.2.2.5-1 Permanent Means of Access
  12.2.2.5-2 Temporary Means of Access
  12.2.2.5-3 Appropriate Means of Access
  12.2.2.5-4 Guardrails
  12.2.2.5-5 Toe Boards, Guard Screens, and Handholds
  12.2.2.5-6 Sufficient Clearance
  12.2.2.5-7 Impediments to Access
  12.2.2.5-8 Access Assist Features
  12.2.2.5-9 Visual Inspection.

12.2.2.6 Vibration
  12.2.2.6-1 Building Vibration
  12.2.2.6-2 Reducing Vibration
  12.2.2.6-3 Limiting Transmission of Vibration
  12.2.2.6-4 Reducing the Effects of Vibration
  12.2.2.6-5 Limiting Exposure to Vibration

12.2.2.7 Other Environmental Considerations
  12.2.2.7-1 Adverse Environments